{"id":10018,"date":"2020-02-18T15:01:18","date_gmt":"2020-02-18T14:01:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fondationbiodiversite.fr\/biomimetisme-et-biodiversite\/"},"modified":"2020-03-25T18:57:28","modified_gmt":"2020-03-25T17:57:28","slug":"biomimetisme-et-biodiversite","status":"publish","type":"ressource","link":"https:\/\/www.fondationbiodiversite.fr\/en\/ressource\/biomimetisme-et-biodiversite\/","title":{"rendered":"Biomim\u00e9tisme et biodiversit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le concept de biomim\u00e9tisme ou bio-inspiration a \u00e9t\u00e9 th\u00e9oris\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois il y a une vingtaine d\u2019ann\u00e9e (cf. Janine Benyus : <em>Biomimicry, Innovation Inspired by Nature<\/em>). L\u2019approche initiale d\u00e9fend une vision qui consid\u00e8re que cette d\u00e9marche d\u2019innovation \u00ab fait appel au transfert et \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation des principes et strat\u00e9gies \u00e9labor\u00e9s par les organismes vivants et les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, afin de produire des biens et des services de mani\u00e8re durable, et rendre les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s humaines compatibles avec la biosph\u00e8re \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Le Biomim\u00e9tisme identifie des solutions naturelles apparues au cours de l\u2019\u00e9volution, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire des fonctions ou des rapports entre structures et fonctions chez les organismes vivants qu\u2019il peut \u00eatre int\u00e9ressant de transposer \u00e0 une fonction d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat humain : sa finalit\u00e9 est de chercher, d\u2019identifier et de d\u2019industrialiser une solution \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me humain.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Cette d\u00e9marche est n\u00e9cessairement interdisciplinaire, entre sciences fondamentales et sciences de l\u2019ing\u00e9nieur, et demande de la part des acteurs \u00e9conomiques la mobilisation de ressources significatives en mati\u00e8re de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement (R&amp;D).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Le biomim\u00e9tisme est la rencontre de plusieurs mondes, l\u2019\u00e9cologie, <\/em><br \/>\n<em>les sciences de l\u2019\u00e9volution, la biologie et l\u2019ing\u00e9nierie, <\/em><br \/>\n<em>ou encore une interface entre sciences naturelles et industrie.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019association <em>Biomimicry Europa<\/em>, cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2006 pour la promotion du biomim\u00e9tisme, propose de distinguer trois niveaux d\u2019inspiration : les formes biologiques, les mat\u00e9riaux et processus, les interactions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>En mati\u00e8re de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement, l\u2019Allemagne a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 en t\u00eate avec plus de 100 structures de recherche publiques impliqu\u00e9es et dix r\u00e9seaux territoriaux sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s. Le Royaume-Uni et la Suisse sont aussi deux pays fortement impliqu\u00e9s en Europe.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>En France, l\u2019implication est plus r\u00e9cente, mais actuellement, plus de 175 \u00e9quipes de recherche s\u2019int\u00e9ressent au sujet et plus de 100 entreprises font appel \u00e0 cette d\u00e9marche. Plusieurs Groupements de recherche (GDR) et R\u00e9seaux th\u00e9matiques pluridisciplinaires (RTP) g\u00e9n\u00e8rent des initiatives structurantes autour de la chimie bio-inspir\u00e9e, la m\u00e9canique des mat\u00e9riaux biologiques ou les micro-technologies inspir\u00e9es des insectes. Le centre europ\u00e9en d\u2019excellence en biomim\u00e9tisme (Ceebios), cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 2012, f\u00e9d\u00e8re un nombre croissant de grandes entreprises comme L\u2019Or\u00e9al, LVMH, Engie, Vicat, Saint-Gobain, et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du soutien du minist\u00e8re de la transition \u00e9cologique et solidaire.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Les r\u00e9gions les plus impliqu\u00e9es en mati\u00e8re de R&amp;D (comp\u00e9tences acad\u00e9miques) sont l\u2019Ile-de-France, Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes et Nouvelle-Aquitaine, puis, \u00e0 un niveau sensiblement \u00e9quivalent, Occitanie, Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te-d\u2019Azur et Grand-Est.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":31507,"template":"","categories":[1,2],"sujet_publi":[],"angle":[],"type_ressource":[],"class_list":["post-10018","ressource","type-ressource","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Biomim\u00e9tisme et biodiversit\u00e9 - Fondation pour la recherche sur la biodiversit\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fondationbiodiversite.fr\/en\/ressource\/biomimetisme-et-biodiversite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Biomim\u00e9tisme et biodiversit\u00e9 - Fondation pour la recherche sur la biodiversit\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le concept de biomim\u00e9tisme ou bio-inspiration a \u00e9t\u00e9 th\u00e9oris\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois il y a une vingtaine d\u2019ann\u00e9e (cf. 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